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NEW QUESTION # 18
All of the following can help the client-trainer relationship EXCEPT
- A. Asking your client about his week
- B. Keeping information between the two of you confidential
- C. Accepting your client for what she is able to do, even if others her age are able to do more
- D. Answering a text or phone call during a session
Answer: C
Explanation:
A number of factors can help facilitate a beneficial working relationship between a client and a trainer. These can include being present in the moment, maintaining confidentiality, being interested in your client,s life, giving helpful feedback and treating your client in a positive way. Along those lines, it is important to accept clients at the level they are currently at rather than comparing them to others.
NEW QUESTION # 19
An individual,s flexibility can be assessed by which of the following?
- A. A push-up test
- B. A sit-and-reach test
- C. A one-repetition bench press
- D. A curl-up test
Answer: A
Explanation:
A sit-and-reach test can measure the flexibility of an individual,s lower back hip, and hamstrings. A one-repetition bench press is used to assess muscular strength or muscle force. Both the push-up test and the curl-up test are used for measuring muscle endurance.
NEW QUESTION # 20
The primary function of the respiratory system is
- A. Delivering nutrients to tissues in the body
- B. Facilitating the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
- C. Regulating the body/ s pH level
- D. Maintaining fluid volume to prevent dehydration
Answer: D
Explanation:
The respiratory system involves the lungs and is where the exchange of oxygen for carbon dioxide occurs. The cardiovascular system, which involves the heart and blood vessels, is responsible for delivering oxygen and nutrients to all tissues in the body, regulating the body's pH level to prevent acidosis or alkalosis, and maintaining fluid volume to prevent dehydration.
NEW QUESTION # 21
The body recruits type I muscle fibers for activities of
- A. none of the above
- B. long duration and high intensity
- C. long duration and low intensity
- D. short duration and high intensity
Answer: C
Explanation:
The body has two types of muscle fibers: type I and type II. Together, these muscle fibers can do all types of tasks. However, the body recruits each type during different activities or specific times of an activity, depending on the type and duration of motion required. Type I muscle fibers, also called slow-twitch fibers, are used for activities of long duration and low intensity, such as those involving endurance. In contrast, type II muscle fibers are employed for high-speed, high- power tasks. These muscle fibers are capable of generating force more quickly than type I muscle fibers.
NEW QUESTION # 22
Benefits of nonlinear periodized training programs include all of the following EXCEPT
- A. Using a progressive increase in the workout intensity
- B. Training both power and strength of muscles within one week
- C. Allowing for variation in the workout intensity
- D. Having a "power" training day
Answer: D
Explanation:
While a linear periodized training program involves having a progressive increase in the workout intensity over the course of a week a nonlinear periodized training program involves variation of intensity over the course of a week A weeklong nonlinear periodized training program can target both muscle strength and power. A "power" training day involving power sets can also be implemented. This type of program may be more conducive to individuals with scheduling conflicts.
NEW QUESTION # 23
Which of the following conditions is an absolute contraindication for exercising during pregnancy?
- A. Ruptured membranes
- B. Heavy smoker
- C. Poorly controlled seizure disorder
- D. Poorly controlled hypertension
Answer: D
Explanation:
Recent research supports a role for exercise programs during pregnancy. Goals of this type of program can include reducing low back pain and decreasing the risk for developing gestational diabetes. However, there do exist a number of absolute contraindications. Some of these include ruptured membranes, placenta previa after 26 weeks of gestation, premature labor, preeclampsia, and high-risk multiple gestation pregnancies. In contrast, relative contraindications include the individual being a heavy smoker, having poorly controlled diabetes or seizures, or having poorly controlled hypertension or hyperthyroid disease.
NEW QUESTION # 24
An example of a substitution behavioral change that you might suggest to a client is
- A. "Put your running shoes right by your bed so you are motivated to run first thing in the morning."
- B. "If you reach this goal we set up, you can have a reward of your choosing."
- C. "Take the stairs instead of the elevator at work"
- D. "Call your best friend to walk with you every day."
Answer: A
Explanation:
There are a number of strategies trainers can employ in order to effect behavior change in a client. Substitution or counterconditioning involves substituting healthy behaviors for unhealthy behaviors. Answer A is an example of social support. Answer C is an example of a reward or reinforcement system. Answer D is an example of environmental control, which is a cue that can precipitate healthy behavior.
NEW QUESTION # 25
Leg raises are an example of
- A. Knee flexion
- B. Hip extension
- C. Hip abduction
- D. Hip flexion
Answer: D
Explanation:
Leg raises are one type of exercise that works the hip flexor muscles. These muscles include the iliopsoas, rectus femoris, sartorius, and pectineus. Exercises for hip extension include squats or leg presses. Hip extensor muscles are the hamstrings and the gluteus maximus. Hip abduction exercises can be done with an exercise machine. Muscles involved with hip abduction include the tensor fascia latae, sartorius, and gluteus minimus and medius. Leg curl exercises involve knee flexion. Muscles involved with flexion of the knee are the hamstrings, gracilis, and popliteus.
NEW QUESTION # 26
Older adults should engage in an aerobic exercise program that provides which of the following?
- A. 20 minutes, 5 days a week of vigorous intensity aerobic activity
- B. 30 minutes, 5 days a week of moderate intensity aerobic activity
- C. 25 minutes, 3 days a week of mild intensity aerobic activity
- D. 30 minutes, 3 days a week of moderate intensity aerobic activity
Answer: A
Explanation:
If their medical issues allow it, individuals over the age of 65 can and should participate in exercise training programs. Aerobic, or cardiorespiratory, exercise can decrease morbidity and mortality rates in older individuals. The recommendations are for older individuals to engage in moderate intensity aerobic activity for 30 minutes, 5 days a week (150 minutes total), or to engage in vigorous intensity aerobic activity for 25 minutes, 3 days a week (75 minutes total). People can also do a combination of both.
NEW QUESTION # 27
Active listening, building rapport, and showing understanding of a client,s situation are all components of
- A. Nonverbal communication
- B. Intrinsic motivation
- C. Extrinsic motivation
- D. Client-centered techniques
Answer: B
Explanation:
Client-centered techniques include asking open-ended questions, listening actively, and frequently clarifying what the client says. These can all contribute to building rapport and a strong relationship with a client. Nonverbal communication is that which is expressed and received via nonverbal cues, such as facial expressions, gestures, and the presence or absence of eye contact. Intrinsic motivation is the motivation for change that comes from within. For example, a person may want to lose weight to feel proud or to feel like he can achieve a goal When people are extrinsically motivated, they are motivated to achieve a goal because of an external factor. For example, someone might want to lose weight to fit into a wedding dress.
NEW QUESTION # 28
All of the following classes of nutrients provide sources of energy EXCEPT
- A. vitamins
- B. carbohydrates
- C. fats
- D. proteins
Answer: A
Explanation:
Carbon is critical for the energy, production process. Proteins, fats, and carbohydrates-which are all sources of carbon-contribute to a number of functions in the body. They help provide energy so that muscles, nerves, and metabolic processes work normally. Energy, is measured in calories (cal) or kilocalories (kcal). When individuals exercise, they can ,turn" energy,, more quickly. Vitamins and minerals are critical for providing essential nutrients that the body needs to maintain normal function: however, they are not a source of energy.
NEW QUESTION # 29
For average groups of people represented below, which order represents the lowest resting heart rate to the highest resting heart rate?
- A. Men, women, children, elderly individuals
- B. Children, women, elderly individuals, men
- C. Elderly individuals, men, women, children
- D. Elderly individuals, women, men, children
Answer: B
Explanation:
Heart rate is the number of times that the heart beats per minute and can be measured by taking a pulse. Average people have a resting heart rate of 60 to 80 beats per minute (bpm). The elderly have a lower resting heart rate than adult men and women. Men have a resting heart rate that is about 10 bpm lower than that of adult women. Children have resting heart rates that are higher than those of adults. When comparing fit to unfit individuals, fit individuals have a lower resting heart rate.
NEW QUESTION # 30
Which of the following should be considered a life-threatening medical emergency?
- A. A hip fracture in an elderly individual
- B. A dislocation of the cervical spinal cord
- C. An Achilles, tendon rupture
- D. Anterior cruciate ligament tear
Answer: A
Explanation:
Any trauma to the neck (or cervical spine) should be considered a medical emergency. When the cervical vertebrae are dislocated or fractured, the spinal column can become unstable. This can potentially lead to paralysis or death. While an Achilles, tendon rupture or anterior cruciate ligament tear is a serious leg/knee injury, respectively, and may be career ending for athletes, either one is not life threatening. A hip fracture or a fracture of the neck of the femur can cause permanent disability, especially in the elderly. However, these are also not usually life threatening.
NEW QUESTION # 31
Active listening, building rapport, and showing understanding of a client,s situation are all components of
- A. Nonverbal communication
- B. Intrinsic motivation
- C. Extrinsic motivation
- D. Client-centered techniques
Answer: B
Explanation:
Client-centered techniques include asking open-ended questions, listening actively, and frequently clarifying what the client says. These can all contribute to building rapport and a strong relationship with a client. Nonverbal communication is that which is expressed and received via nonverbal cues, such as facial expressions, gestures, and the presence or absence of eye contact. Intrinsic motivation is the motivation for change that comes from within. For example, a person may want to lose weight to feel proud or to feel like he can achieve a goal When people are extrinsically motivated, they are motivated to achieve a goal because of an external factor. For example, someone might want to lose weight to fit into a wedding dress.
NEW QUESTION # 32
The interactive tool that can lead to change by creating an equal partnership between the client and the trainer is called
- A. Appreciative inquiry
- B. Change talk
- C. Generative moments
- D. Motivational interviewing
Answer: C
Explanation:
Motivational interviewing is based on the idea that change occurs when there is an equal partnership between the client and trainer. While you are a training centered relationship. Generative moments are powerful or negative events that have happened to a client that can spur him or her to change. Appreciative inquiry is a technique in which the trainer asks positive and powerful questions to help the client visualize potential possibilities. Change talk involves language spoken by a client about his or her desire and ability to change their behavior.
NEW QUESTION # 33
A client in the precontemplation stage of behavior might think to himself:
- A. "I am so proud I lost weight!"
- B. "I have a plan to lose weight."
- C. "I just can,t lose weight."
- D. "I am really thinking about how to lose weight."
Answer: B
Explanation:
There are five stages of behavioral change. Listed in order of unwilling to change to readiness to change, they are precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance. People in precontemplation often say, "I can,t" or "I won,t" about being able to change. People in the contemplation stage often say, "I just may change" or "I,m thinking about it." People in the preparation stage have actively decided to take action at some point soon. In the action stage, a person has decided to implement a consistent change, but has been implementing the new behavior for less than six months. If a person has consistently implemented a change for more than six months, he or she is in the maintenance stage.
NEW QUESTION # 34
All of the following are benefits of increased flexibility EXCEPT
- A. Improved coordination
- B. Increased chance of muscle injury
- C. Improved circulation
- D. Increased range of motion
Answer: B
Explanation:
Flexibility training has a number of benefits, including increased circulation, increased range of motion, improved muscle coordination, and decreased future chance of muscle injury.
NEW QUESTION # 35
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