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CIMA P1 - Management Accounting Question Tutorial Sample Questions:

1. Explain the advantages of management participation in budget setting and the potential problems that may arise in the use of the resulting budget as a control mechanism.
Select all the correct answers.

A) Participation in budget setting can cause problems; in particular, managers may attempt to negotiate budgets that they feel are easy to achieve which gives rise to "budget padding" or budgetary slack.
B) Managers will not 'empire build' because they don't believe that the size of their budget reflects their importance within the organization.
C) Participation in budget setting can reduce the information asymmetry gap that can arise when targets are imposed by senior management. Imposed targets are likely to make managers feel demotivated and alienated and result in poor performance.
D) A purposes of budgeting is to act as a control mechanism, with actual results being compared against budget.
E) Another purpose of a budget is to set targets to motivate managers and optimize their performance.
F) The participation of managers in the budget setting process has several advantages. Managers are more likely to be motivated to achieve the target if they have participated in setting process has several advantages. managers are more likely to be motivated to achieve the target if they have participated in setting the target.

2. RT produces two products from different quantities of the same resources using a just-in-time (JIT) production system. The selling price and resource requirements of each of the products are shown below:

Market research shows that the maximum demand for products R and T during June 2010 is 500 units and 800 units respectively. This does not include an order that RT has agreed with a commercial customer for the supply of 250 units of R and 350 units of T at selling prices of $100 and $135 per unit respectively. Although the customer will accept part of the order, failure by RT to deliver the order in full by the end of June will cause RT to incur a $10,000 financial penalty. At a recent meeting of the purchasing and production managers to discuss the production plans of RT for June, the following resource restrictions for June were identified:
Direct labour hours 7,500 hours
Material A 8,500 kgs
Material B 3,000 litres
Machine hours 7,500 hours
Assuming that RT completes the order with the commercial customer, prepare calculations to show, from a financial perspective, the optimum production plan for June 2010 and the contribution that would result from adopting this plan.
The optimum production plan will be:

A) Contract: R = 250, T = 360 and Market: R = 500 T = 700
B) Contract: R = 250, T = 360 and Market: R = 600 T = 710
C) Contract: R = 250, T = 360 and Market: R = 500 T = 710
D) Contract: R = 250, T = 360 and Market: R = 650 T = 710
E) Contract: R = 250, T = 360 and Market: R = 660 T = 720

3. A flexible budget is a budget that is:

A) continuously updated by adding a further accounting period when the earliest accounting period has expired
B) changed in response to changes in costs
C) set prior to the control period and not subsequently changed in response to changes in activity period has expired
D) changed in response to changes in the level of activity

4. A company produces trays of pre-prepared meals that are sold to restaurants and food retailers. Three varieties of meals are sold: economy, premium and deluxe.


Discuss the benefits of flexible budgeting for planning and control purposes.
Select all the true statements.

A) The fixed budget however provides more insight into actual performance.
B) If sales volumes were well above budget, adverse variable cost variances will probably be reported, against the fixed budget, since more variable costs have to be incurred to support the higher level of activity.
C) A fixed budget will provide meaningful control information when actual activity differs from budget and variable costs are significant.
D) Reporting against a fixed budget tells management nothing about the efficiency of operations.
E) If actual sales revenue is compared to a fixed budget it is possible to tell whether a favourable sales variance is due to an increase in units sold or an increase in sales price.
F) If a flexible budget is prepared then the budget variances calculated will provide a better indication of performance since actual results will be compared against an appropriate benchmark.

5. A medium-sized manufacturing company, which operates in the electronics industry, has employed a firm of consultants to carry out a review of the company's planning and control systems. The company presently uses a traditional incremental budgeting system and the inventory management system is based on economic order quantities (EOQ) and reorder levels. The company's normal production patterns have changed significantly over the previous few years as a result of increasing demand for customized products. This has resulted in shorter production runs and difficulties with production and resource planning.
The consultants have recommended the implementation of activity based budgeting and a manufacturing resource planning system to improve planning and resource management.
Select ALL the benefits for the company that could occur following the introduction of an activity based budgeting system.

A) The approach under an activity based system is to make arbitrary cuts in order to meet overall financial targets.
B) ABB systems present costs under functional headings i.e. the emphasis is on the nature of the cost. The weakness of this approach is that it gives little indication of the link between the level of activity and the cost incurred.
C) Under an activity based budgeting system the focus is on existing resources and operations. Adjustments are then made for changes in activity and price which results in past inefficiencies being perpetuated.
Under a traditional budgeting system, only resources that are needed to perform activities required to meet the budgeted production and sales volumes are included.
D) Under an activity based budgeting system, resource allocation is linked to the strategic plan is prepared after considering alternative strategies. This approach ensures that new activities that are required to meet the company's strategic objectives are included in the budget.
E) Activity based techniques including activity based budgeting focus on the outputs of a process rather than the input to the process. This approach provides a clear framework for understanding the link between costs and the level of activity. It allows the ranking of activities and the determination of how limited resources should be allocated across competing activities.
F) Activity based budgeting allows the identification of value added and non-value added activities and ensures that cuts are made to non-value added activities. ABB is also useful for review of capacity utilization.

Solutions: